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This article presents a comparative analysis of water quality at two monitoring points (Point P and Point FP) in Alcântara, Maranhão, Brazil, during two data collection campaigns. The study focused on physicochemical parameters such as pH, total dissolved solids (TDS), dissolved oxygen (DO), nitrite (NO₂⁻), ammonia (NH₃), and temperature (T), which are essential indicators for assessing aquatic ecosystem health and water quality for human consumption. The research followed guidelines established by the National Council for the Environment (CONAMA), particularly Resolution No. 357/2005, which sets water quality standards for different uses. The results revealed significant variations in the analyzed parameters between the two campaigns. At Point P, an increase in TDS levels (from 5160 ppm to 6680 ppm) and nitrite (from undetectable to 0.33 ppm) was observed, suggesting potential impacts from anthropogenic activities such as industrial or agricultural discharges. Additionally, there was an increase in dissolved oxygen (from 2.66 ppm to 5 ppm), possibly due to reduced organic matter decomposition or improved water circulation. In contrast, Point FP showed greater stability, with lower TDS and nitrite levels and the complete elimination of ammonia, indicating a less impacted environment. The pH analysis showed that Point P shifted from neutral (7.13) to slightly alkaline (7.43), while Point FP remained slightly acidic (6.36 to 6.40). Water temperature remained stable at both points, averaging 29.3°C at Point P and 28.66°C at Point FP, which may influence oxygen solubility and aquatic organisms' metabolic rates. The study underscores the importance of continuous water quality monitoring, particularly in regions like Alcântara, where inadequate water and sewage treatment infrastructure poses significant challenges to public health and environmental sustainability. The implementation of citizen science practices, such as the GLOBE Program, was suggested as an effective strategy to engage local communities in environmental monitoring, promoting awareness and preventive measures for water resource conservation.