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Impacts of El Niño on Precipitation, Temperature, and Humidity in Bogotá, Colombia: Trends, Anomalies, and Comparative Analysis of 2024 Climatic Shifts
Organization(s):Rochester School
Country:Colombia
Student(s):Martin Ramirez- Student
Julian Andres Melo- Student
Tomas Chaves- Student
Grade Level:Secondary School (grades 9-12, ages 14-18)
GLOBE Educator(s):Matthew Reis
Contributors:
Report Type(s):International Virtual Science Symposium Report, Standard Research Report
Protocols:Air Temperature, Relative Humidity
Presentation Poster:
View Document
Language(s):English
Date Submitted:03/07/2025
This study analyzes the impact of the El Niño phenomenon on rainfall, temperature, and humidity in Bogotá, Colombia, using trends and anomalies observed in 2024 in comparison to other years, such as 2016. The research questions are how El Niño impacts these climatic variables and how 2024 conditions are different from the past. The hypotheses presume that El Niño events result in less rainfall, higher temperatures, and lower humidity in Bogotá, with 2024 presenting significant differences from other years. Contrary to this, using data from a meteorological station, NASA Global Data, and Looker Studio, the research determines that El Niño years are associated with greater rainfall (112% more than La Niña) and comparatively warmer temperatures (0.89°C warmer). The humidities are variable, with El Niño having stronger precipitation and humidity correlations. The study shows that El Niño enhances normal precipitation cycles while maintaining elevated temperatures. Bogotá underwent anomalous tendencies in 2024, with decreased reservoir levels due to reduced rainfall and a delayed timing of extreme rainfall totals, which reveals the susceptibility of the city to climatic change. These results underscore the importance of understanding the regional impacts of El Niño for the effective management of water resources and disaster preparedness.